A Case of Localized Neuroblastoma in Caffey Disease, with Early and Uncommon Progression

Background: Caffey disease is a rare syndrome caused by mutation in the alpha-1 collagen type I gene, not described in literature as a predisposing condition to cancer development. Observation: We report a case of a 6-years-old female diagnosed with Caffey disease that developed a localized neuroblastoma. The patient had a poor clinical and radiological response with unusual disease dissemination and progression until death. Conclusion: The case is a rare example of rapid progression of localized neuroblastoma in a patient with Caffey disease. A probable predisposition to neoplasm in this syndrome or atypical tumour evolution must be confirmed by other clinical observations.