Fatty Liver as a Potential Surrogate for Waist Circumference in the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome: A Population-Based Study among Chinese Adults

Increased waist circumference (WC) is an essential component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Asians have been found to have more intra-abdominal adipose tissue than Caucasians, in spite of having smaller WC. The purpose of this study was to explore whether NAFLD could be used as a surrogate for MetS diagnosis in the normal WC population. A total of 9694 Chinese residents were selected from SPECT-China, a population-based survey of Chinese adults aged ≥ 18 years in East China. Insulin resistance was calculated by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). MetS z-score was used to evaluate the degree of total metabolic disorder. Logistic regression models were used to obtain the associations between different categories and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. The prevalence of NAFLD was 27.6%, in which 35.2% were without abnormal WC. Subjects with only NAFLD had similarly severe insulin resistance and OR for clustering of MetS components compared with those with only abnormal WC. A considerable number of NAFLD cases, although had severe metabolic disorder, would not be detected by the current MetS definition. NAFLD could be used as a potential surrogate marker for the diagnosis of MetS in normal WC population.