Protecting enzymes from stress-induced inactivation
2019
The
pharmaceutical and chemical industries depend on additives
to protect enzymes and other proteins against stresses that accompany
their manufacture, transport, and storage. Common stresses include
vacuum-drying, freeze-thawing, and freeze-drying. The additives include
sugars, compatible osmolytes, amino acids, synthetic polymers, and
both globular and disordered proteins. Scores of studies have been
published on protection, but the data have never been analyzed systematically.
To spur efforts to understand the sources of protection and ultimately
develop more effective formulations, we review ideas about the mechanisms
of protection, survey the literature searching for patterns of protection,
and then compare the ideas to the data.
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