Embolização arterial superseletiva para tratamento de angiomiolipoma em paciente com rim único

The authors report on a case of a young woman who had previously undergone a right nephrectomy due to renal angiomyolipomas, currently presenting voluminous angiomyolipomas of the remaining kidney. The patient’s urologist referred her for endovascular treatment. Superselective arterial embolization of one tumor (located at the inferior renal pole), was conducted successfully. Several attempts at selective catheterization were made to embolize the second angiomyolipoma (located at the superior lobe), without jeopardizing a significant amount of the surrounding renal parenchyma, but this ultimately proved not to be feasible. The procedure and recovery were uneventful. The patient was discharged on the first postoperative day and has been followed for 9 months with no complications. The authors provide a brief review of the indications, technical aspects and complications of endovascular treatment of renal angiomyolipomas and also discuss the advantages of the endovascular approach over surgical resection for this kind of tumor.