Fabrication of Graphene oxide-Fe3O4 nanocomposites for application in bone regeneration and treatment of leukemia

Abstract The current study illustrates the fabrication of Graphene oxide- Iron Oxide (GO-Fe3O4) nanocomposites by using a mechanical process called mechanochemical method, which is expected to produce particles with extreme heterogeneity. The characterization of fabricated nanocomposites was done by using techniques like Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Investigation of osteogenic differentiation effects in the mesenchyme cells derived from the bone marrow (BMSCs) of rat and corresponding mechanisms were carried out for the 1st time by using the prepared composite. GO-Fe3O4 could noticeably increase BMSCs osteogenic differentiation other than being biocompatible at lower concentrations. Concentration relayed characteristics were shown in GO-Fe3O4 treated BMSCs bone development differentiation as well as in their cellular behavior. Additionally, GO-Fe3O4 displayed different effects on cell viability through dose-dependent selective killing of cancer cells without affecting normal cells in the MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation revealed the dose-dependent cytotoxicity of GO-Fe3O4 towards K562 cells. The GO-Fe3O4 caused apoptosis was identified using propidium iodide and acridine orange double staining. Further, the prepared material can have prospective for future bone regeneration applications and in treatment of leukemia.