Vigilancia y epidemiología del herpes zóster en España
2021
Background: Herpes Zoster (HZ) results from reactivation
of latent varicella-zoster virus infection and is associated
with immunosuppression and ageing. HZ is of
increasing importance in advanced societies. Vaccination
appears as a powerful tool to reduce HZ as well as postherpetic
neuralgia, the main zoster complication. This study
aims to describe the temporal trend, the age and sex distribution
of cases, hospitalisations and deaths by zoster occurred
in Spain between 1998 and 2018.
Methods: The available information for zoster in
Spain were used: cases from National Surveillance System
(2014-2018), registries from Spanish hospitalisation database
(1998-2018) and deaths from the Spanish mortality
statistics (1999-2018). Incidence, hospitalization (HR) and
mortality (MR) rates per year and period were calculated.
Rates by age group and sex as well as percentage and cumulative
percentage for cases and hospitalisations by age
group, were also calculated.
Results: The global HZ incidence was 351.6/100,000
inhabitants and 625.5/100,000 among population aged
50 and over. The incidence increases with age, especially
from the age of 50-54 years (41% increase over the 45-49
age group) and is always higher in women. The global HR
was 6.75/100,000 and 15.7/100,000 in persons aged 50
and over; HR increases with age, especially from 60-64
years onwards (50% increase over 54-59 age group) and
is always higher in men. The 68.8% of cases and 80.2% of
hospitalisations for HZ occurred from the age of 50.
Conclusions: In Spain HZ is a frequent and severe entity
in adults and elderly people requiring public health interventions.
The demographic changes and the introduction
of vaccination require continued monitoring of HZ behaviour
in terms of incidence and severity.
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