Технические и экономические проблемы и риски внедрения наилучших доступных технологий на российских ТЭС

Currently, the technical and economic analysis of BAT practical implementation possibility at Russian thermal power plants in the terms established by law is an urgent task. This paper considers specific examples of implementing the best available and promising technologies for a number of Russian coal-fired power plants located in regions with the worst environmental situation. A comparative assessment of the total capital and operating costs for the introduction of BAT to reduce emissions of marker pollutants to the technological indicators set respectively in the information and technical reference ITS 38-2017 "Fuel Combustion at Large Installations for Energy Production", previously existing GOST R 50831-95 and the Decision of the European Commission issued in 2017, as well as an assessment of the payback period for these costs. It is shown that the introduction of BAT to ensure the established technological indicators at Russian thermal power plants is not a technical or financial problem and will be implemented as planned. However, the current ITS 38-2017 fixes the existing actual levels of marker (polluting) substances emissions and does not contribute to the fundamental modernization of the industry, which is the goal of the Federal project "Introduction of BAT". Tightening the technological indicators of pollutant emissions and introducing more effective best available and promising technologies for this purpose will require significantly higher financial costs. In order to provide economic incentives for the introduction of BAT, technological indicators and regulatory fees for emissions of marker (polluting) substances into the atmosphere should be reviewed in the direction of their tightening, which requires additional research in terms of economic feasibility and financial capabilities of energy companies.