Surface controllable oxidation graphitization mesophase carbon nanosphere negative electrode material and preparation method

The present invention discloses a surface controllable oxidation graphitization mesophase carbon nanosphere negative electrode material and a preparation method. The method comprises the following steps: 1) measuring a certain volume of sulfuric acid to mix with one or more than one of nitric acid, perchloric acid and phosphoric acid, and ultrasonically processing or stirring for a certain time; 2) measuring a certain amount of graphitization mesophase carbon nanospheres to add into the mixed acid, ultrasonically processing or mechanically stirring for a certain time; 3) adding a certain amount of chromium trioxide into the liquid mixture, ultrasonically processing or mechanically stirring for oxidation for a certain time, and after completion of the reaction, filtering to obtain a black solid; 4 ) after filtration, using repeatedly washing with a certain concentration of hydrochloric acid and distilled water to clean, and drying; and 5) putting the dried solid into a tube furnace for high temperature heat treatment for some time a certain time in a protective atmosphere and cooling to room temperature. The surface controllable oxidation graphitization mesophase carbon nanosphere has lower lithium-intercalation removal platform and high platform capacity, and has a good degree of graphitization and excellent cycle performance.