Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection decreases risk for dyslipidemia: A cohort study.

Background Previous studies have suggested a relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and dyslipidemia; however, large-scale longitudinal studies have not elucidated this association. This study assessed the longitudinal effects of H. pylori infection and eradication on lipid profiles in a large cohort. Methods This cohort study included 2,626 adults without dyslipidemia at baseline, who participated in a repeated, regular health-screening examination, which included upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, between January 2009 and December 2018. The primary outcome was incident dyslipidemia at follow-up. Results During the 10,324 person-years of follow-up, participants with persistent H. pylori infection had a higher incidence rate (130.5 per 1,000 person-years) of dyslipidemia than those whose infections had been successfully controlled (98.1 per 1,000 person-years). In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, smoking status, alcohol intake, and education level, the H. pylori eradication group was associated with a lower risk of dyslipidemia than the persistent group (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77-0.95; p = 0.004). The association persisted after further adjustment for baseline levels of low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.97; p = 0.014). Conclusions H. pylori infection may play a pathophysiologic role in the development of dyslipidemia, whereas H. pylori eradication might decrease the risk of dyslipidemia.