Surveying the knowledge landscape in sub-Saharan Africa: methodology

Objective: To describe in detail the methods followed in each of the qualitative and quantitative surveys of national health information, research and knowledge systems and research institutions. Design: Cross-sectional surveys. Setting: National health information and research systems, and 847 health research institutions in 42 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region. Participants: Key informants from health research institutions, ministries of health and statistical offices. Main outcome measures: Stewardship, financing, ethics, human and material resources and output of health information and research systems. Results: Key informants were used to collect data to assess national research systems in 44 countries in the Region. The same method was followed in assessing national information systems in 17 countries and knowledge systems for health in 44 countries. These assessments included a detailed review of the state of data sources in the Region and their effect on measuring progress on the healthrelated Millennium Development Goals. A concurrent survey employed a structured questionnaire (the WHO Health Research Systems Analysis Questionnaire) to assess the capacity of 847 health research institutions in 42 countries. Stewardship, financing, ethics, human and material resources and research output were assessed. Conclusions: The logistics and resources involved in surveying the knowledge landscape in the 42 countries were substantial. However, the investment was worthwhile as the results of the surveys can be used to inform policymaking and decision-making, as well as to establish a regional database of national health information, research and knowledge systems.