Abnormalities of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Function in Women With Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Multimodal Neuroimaging Study

Under controlled hormonal conditions, women with PMDD displayed abnormal patterns of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during working memory. In addition, the magnitude of abnormal activation was related to the degree of PMDD disability and disease burden, indicating a neural substrate of vulnerability that may confer earlier age at onset or more severe clinical presentation of PMDD.