Medium range flood forecasting example EFAS

Europe repeatedly observes flood events that affect several countries at the same time and which require the coordination of assistance at the European level. The European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) has been developed specifically to respond to the need for forecasting transnational floods with sufficient lead time to allow coordination of aid at the European level in case the national capacities for emergency management are exceeded. In order to achieve robust and reliable flood forecasting at the continental scale with lead times up to 10 days, EFAS promotes probabilistic forecasting techniques based on multiple numerical weather prediction inputs including ensemble prediction systems. Its aim is to complement existing national flood forecasting services with added value information and to provide European decision makers with coherent overviews on ongoing and upcoming floods in Europe for better planning and coordination of aid. To date, EFAS is a unique system providing daily, probabilistic flood forecast information for the entire of Europe on a single platform. Being a complementary system to national ones, EFAS predicts the probabilities for exceeding critical flood thresholds rather than quantitative information on stream flows. By maintaining a dedicated, multinational partner network of EFAS users, novel research could be transferred directly to the operational flood forecasting centers in Europe. EFAS development started in 2003, and the system has become fully operational under the umbrella of Emergency Management Service of the European Copernicus Space Program in 2011.