Etiopathogenesis, Classical Immunotherapy and Innovative Nanotherapeutics for Inflammatory Neurological Disorders

Neuroinflammation have been described in a increasing number of central and peripheral nervous system disorders, with different pathogenesis and clinical phenotypes. In this paper, demyelinating diseases are focused, in a perspective of correlating pathogenesis with immunotherapy. Clinical characteristics and the underlying pathological processes of this striking group of neuroimmunological diseases are reviewed, highlighting their major distinguishing features. The classical pharmacological treatments are thoroughly described and compared, including the new upcoming drugs currently in the pipeline of practitioners. Some examples are given with respect to novel formulations based on nanoparticles already tested for the discussed drugs.