Repeat tympanostomy tubes in children with Down syndrome.

Abstract Objectives Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher incidence of tympanostomy tube insertion (TTI) than children in the general population. As there were no studies investigating factors that are associated with multiple TTIs in children with DS, we sought to determine what factors increase or decrease the likelihood of repeat TTI in children with DS. Methods A retrospective case-control study was performed on consecutive children with DS from 2007 to 2018 with first TTI at a large tertiary children's hospital and follow-up duration at least 27 months since first TTI. Results 277 patients met the inclusion criteria. Repeat TTI rate was 61.4%. Having an indication of chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) at first TTI was an adjusted risk factor for increased rate of repeat TTI (OR: 2.01, 95%CI: 1.15–3.51, p = .014), while being older at first TTI was an adjusted protective factor for decreased rate of repeat TTI (OR: 0.84, 95%CI: 0.74–0.95, p = .004). Adenotonsillectomy at or before first TTI was not an adjusted protective factor for decreased rate of repeat TTI (OR: 0.915, 95%CI: 0.448–1.872, p = .809) and bilateral intra-operative fluid was not an adjusted risk factor for repeat TTI (OR: 1.97, 95%CI: 0.99–3.90, p = .054). Conclusion Children with DS were more likely to undergo repeat TTI if they were of younger age and if the indication for surgery was COME. The repeat TTI rate for children with DS was high at 61.4%. Prospective studies are warranted to more precisely investigate factors associated with repeat TTIs in this unique patient population.