Tissue oxidative stress induced by patulin and protective effect of crocin.

Patulin (PAT) is a secondary toxic metabolite produced principally by Penicillium expansum. This mycotoxin is known to be teratogenic, mutagenic, immunotoxic and neurotoxic, and it has been shown to cause damage in several organs in laboratory animals. This study focuses on the prevention of experimental murine PAT-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. We investigate the ability of a natural product, crocin (CRO), to counteract the toxic effects of PAT. Pre-treatment of mice with CRO prevented PAT-induced oxidative damage in both liver and kidney. CRO reduced lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and restored redox status by regulating the endogenous antioxidant enzymatic system. These data corroborate and extend findings in PAT-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, and further suggest that preventive effect of CRO towards other forms of PAT toxicity, including neurotoxicity, may be warranted.