Advances in impacts of osteoprotegerin and insulin-like growth factor-1 on bone remodeling in osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a kind of chronic and frequently-occurring disease in the elderly. It is also called degenerative disease. Pain, stiffness, swelling, deformity and dysfunction of joints are the main clinical manifestations, which seriously affect the quality of life. Kaschin-Beck Disease (KBD) is a kind of endemic diseases; its main feature is cartilage degeneration and necrosis. Although KBD becomes a typical OA in late stage, it is different from OA. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 participate in the bone growth, repair, and alteration. In this paper, we summarized clinical manifestations and pathological changes of OA, and reviewed the current situation and development of OPG and IGF-1 in OA bone remodeling. Key words: Osteoprotegerin; Insulin-like growth factor-1; Osteoarthritis; Bone remodeling; Cartilage