RECOVERY PATTERN IN SEVERELY MALNOURISHED CHILDREN FED WITH WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION F-75 DIET AND HOMOGENIZED TONED MILK

Background: An average 8 million Indian children younger than 5 years (under-fives) are severely wasted. Each year approximately2.3 million deaths among 6–60 months aged children in developing countries are associated with malnutrition, which is about41% of the total deaths in this age group. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of cereal-basedthe World Health Organization (WHO) F-75 diet and homogenized toned milk with added sugar in the recovery of presentingcomplaints and weight gain in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) children in the stabilization phase. Materials and Methods: Thisclinical effectiveness trial was conducted between March 2016 and August 2017 in the Department of Pediatrics, in a MedicalUniversity, Saifai, Uttar Pradesh. A total of 77 children aged 6–59 months with SAM who were admitted in the pediatric ward forvarious reasons were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either cereal-based F-75 diet (Group I) orhomogenized toned milk (Group II). Each child was monitored during the early stabilization phase for improvement in terms of thereturn of appetite, the start of edema reduction as well as the complete disappearance of edema, vomiting, loose stool, weight gain,clinical duration of hospital stay, and mortality. Data collected from each group were analyzed. Results: No statistically significantdifference was found in the onset of edema reduction, complete disappearance of edema and return of appetite in both groups.Number of vomiting and loose stools per day, on day 4 and day 10, was significantly lower in children fed with homogenizedtoned milk (Group II). Mean weight gain among patients fed with the WHO F-75 diet (Group I) was higher (8.29±2.77 g/kg/day)as compared to that of Group II (7.31±2.87 g/kg/day) but difference in weight gain among patients of Group I and Group II on day10 was not statistically significant (p=0.133). Conclusions: As homogenized toned milk avoids problems of quality control andmicrobial contamination, it may be considered for evaluation in difficult circumstances where standard protocols are not feasiblefor management of severe malnutrition, especially in developing countries.