Development of an Integrated Model for the Assessment of Acidification in Finland

An integrated model to consider the future development of acidifying emissions and their impacts on forest soils and lakes is being prepared in close collaboration with several Finnish research institutes and IIASA. The model system (HAKOMA) covers SO2 and NOx emissions from energy use, industrial processes, and transportation, and also NH3 emissions from agriculture, animal farming, and industry. Future emissions are estimated on the basis of different scenarios for energy, traffic, industry and agriculture and on the basis of alternative reduction strategies.