A concept analysis of adolescent friendship: ROACH

AIM: The purpose of this study is to provide a definition of adolescent friendship to aid in nursing research and practice. BACKGROUND: Friendships are an essential part of adolescence and can have significant impacts on health outcomes. Adolescent friendships are associated with decreased depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, and improved self-management of chronic conditions. However, the concept of friendship has not been well defined in the nursing literature, especially in the context of adolescents. DESIGN: Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis was used as a framework for this analysis. DATA SOURCES: Seventeen articles were reviewed, representing a variety of disciplines including child development, psychology, sociology, behavioral sciences, medicine, education, public health, and nutrition. Additional sources included online definitions of friendship. REVIEW METHODS: After reviewing the sources, the author identified attributes, antecedents, and consequences. Model case, a borderline case, and contrary case were developed and empirical referents identified. RESULTS: The analysis resulted in a clear definition of adolescent friendship, containing the attributes of support, intimacy, affection, trust, ability to manage conflict, and time. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of adolescent friendships will help nurses in assessing and supporting these influential relationships during this important development period.