Fenótipos de resistência antimicrobiana epidemiologicamente importantes em culturas de vigilância de um serviço terciário de saúde em Aracaju-SE

Introduction: The constant emergence and spread of bacterial phenotypes of resistance to multiple drugs has become a public health problem worldwide. Objective: To investigate the occurrence of critical antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in bacteria isolated from surveillance cultures. Method: Microbiological data were collected from surveillance cultures performed between January and December 2015 at a tertiary health service. 1,590 surveillance cultures using the VITEK 2 system for phenotypic identification and susceptibility to antimicrobials of the isolates were analyzed. The detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) was performed using the approach disc and carbapenem resistance method and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using diffusion disc methods. The detection of bacteria carrying the blaKPC, blaNDM and blaOXA-48 genes was carried out through the polymerase chain reaction in house  Results: The analysis identified 201 (12.64%) ESBL phenotypes, 173 (11.87%) resistant to carbapenems and 3 (0.18%) MRSA. 34 strains carrying genes encoding carbapenemases were detected, where 23 (67.64%) carried the blaKPC gene, 8 (23.53%) blaNDM and 3 (8.82%) both genes. Conclusions: It is a challenge to control the spread of critical resistance bacterial phenotypes. The predominance of ESBL in the referent hospital, as well as  the occurrence of genes that have not been reported for carbapenemases until then, confirm the importance of epidemiological surveillance and the encouragement of subsequent research.