Report on the economic integration of return migrants

Our analysis shows that, looking at our four countries, the patterns of reintegration are very complex, varying not only across countries of origin, but also across migration corridors within the same country of origin. However, there are also some consistent findings. For instance, we find in all the four countries that the average job-skill level among returnees improves after return from Europe. The differences between return migrants and non-migrants in terms of employment range from trivial to modest. When analyzing employees, we can conclude that labor market outcomes are almost the same for returnees and non-migrants in Argentina, better for returnees in Senegal, and slightly more favorable for non-migrants in Romania and Ukraine. Returnees in Senegal are the only group in the TEMPER survey for which we can observe a relatively high propensity to engage in entrepreneurship following the return. The employment rate is higher among male returnees, but the concentration of high skilled jobs is higher among women.