Erianin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cells through down-regulation of PI3K/AKT, p38 and ERK MAPK signaling pathways.

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the dominant pathological type of primary liver cancer and no effective methods are available for its treatment. Erianin is a natural product extracted from Dendrobium, which possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including anti‑oxidative and antitumor activity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-HCC activities of erianin and explore its underlying mechanism. METHODS MTT assay and crystal violet staining assay were used to select the non-toxic concentrations for the subsequent experiments. The colony formation assay and PCNA fluorescent staining were used to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of erianin on human SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells. Wound healing and transwell test were used to analyze cell migration and invasion. Caspase3 and Tunel staining were used to detect apoptosis. Western blot was used to examine the expression levels of proteins associated with invasion and key proteins in the PI3K/Akt, p38 and ERK MAPK signaling pathways. RESULTS Erianin inhibited HCC cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Decreased migration rate and invaded cells were observed with erianin supplement. The expression of invasion-associated proteins in the erianin group was also downregulated. Besides, more apoptotic cells were observed after erianin treatment. For the molecular mechanism, erianin inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK and P38 in the PI3K/Akt and ERK/P38 pathway. CONCLUSION We demonstrated, for the first time, that erianin inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and induced the apoptosis of HCC through PI3K/Akt, p38 and ERK MAPK signaling pathway, indicating that erianin is a promising agent for the HCC treatment.