Dynamic variation in the cellular origin of HIV type 1 during treatment of tuberculosis in dually infected subjects.

HIV-1 replication remains elevated in dually infected HIV-1/TB subjects at completion of antituberculosis therapy. A viral immunocapture assay was used to examine the cellular origin of HIV-1 within plasma from HIV-1/TB subjects at time of diagnosis of pulmonary TB, at end of TB treatment, and 6 months after completion of treatment. Asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects without TB (HIV-1/C) served as controls. Both activated immature macrophage (CD36+) and CD4 T cell (CD26+) compartments contributed to viral load. Changes in the activation status of either cellular compartment paralleled their contribution to viral load. Levels of HIV-1 originating from activated (HLA-DR+) cells and from CD36+ and CD26+ mononuclear cells resolved to levels observed in HIV-1/C by the end of treatment. HIV-1 isolated by anti-CD3 immunocapture from HIV-1/TB patients remained significantly higher than from HIV-1/C patients at the end of TB treatment and at 12 months follow-up. Therefore, viral production by lymphocytes extends...