FACTORES DE RIESGO Y EFICACIA DE LA FARMACOTERAPIA PRESCRITA A PACIENTES HIPERTENSOS DIABÉTICOS DE NASSAU, BAHAMAS / RISK FACTORS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PRESCRIBED PHARMACOTHERAPY TO DIABETIC HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS OF NASSAU, BAHAMAS

Actualmente las enfermedades cronicas no transmisibles, constituyen la principal causa de mortalidad en las poblaciones. Este comportamiento se atribuye al envejecimiento poblacional y los modos de vida que acentuan el sedentarismo y la mala alimentacion. La hipertension arterial esencial asociada a la diabetes mellitus es un estado de salud de alto riesgo, siendo responsables de accidentes cerebrovasculares, infarto del miocardio e insuficiencias renal. La hipertension asociada a la diabetes mellitus, ocupa el septimo lugar entre las primeras causas de muerte en Las Bahamas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue detectar factores de riesgo presentes en una muestra de pacientes hipertensos-diabeticos de Nassau, Las Bahamas, que impiden la respuesta satisfactoria al tratamiento prescrito. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo transversal y retrospectivo de tipo indicacion prescripcion desde mayo de 2015 hasta mayo 2016. Los pacientes fueron caracterizados demografica y epidemiologicamente, se identifico la eficacia de la farmacoterapia prescrita y se detectaron los principales factores de riesgo que influyeron en la inadecuada respuesta al tratamiento. El 76% de los pacientes fueron mayores de 50 anos, no hubo prevalencia de genero, el 100% fueron de biotipo racial negro y el 100% clasifico como sobrepeso y obesos. La farmacoterapia antihipertensiva e hipoglicemiante prescrita se clasifico de satisfactoria, al indicar farmacos eficaces de primera eleccion, sin embargo el 58% mostro cifras elevadas de presion arterial y el 71% tuvieron alterados los valores de glicemia en sangre. La poblacion presento gran parte de los factores de riesgo declarados para los pacientes hipertensos-diabeticos, los cuales pueden ser la causa de la inadecuada respuesta al tratamiento prescrito. Entre los factores de riesgo no modificables, se encontraron la edad, la etnia y la presencia de otras enfermedades cronicas y en los modificables se destaca la obesidad. Se considera a los estilos de vida la causa principal que deben modificar para lograr mejor respuesta al tratamiento. Palabras clave: pacientes hipertensos diabeticos, factores de riesgo de los pacientes hipertensos diabeticos, tratamiento farmacologico de los hipertensos diabeticos, mortalidad de los pacientes hipertensos diabeticos. Abstract Currently non-communicable chronic diseases are the main cause of mortality in populations. This behavior is attributed to population aging and unsatisfactory lifestyles that accentuate the effect of sedentarism and poor diet. Essential hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus is a high-risk health state, being responsible for stroke, myocardial infarction, and renal failure. Hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus ranks seventh among the leading causes of death in The Bahamas. The objective of the present study was to detect risk factors present in a sample of hypertensive-diabetic patients from Nassau, The Bahamas, which avoid a satisfactory response to pharmacologic prescribed treatment. A cross-sectional and retrospective descriptive study of the prescription type was carried out from May 2015 to May 2016. Patients were characterized demographically and epidemiologically, the efficacy of the prescribed pharmacotherapy was identified and the main risk factors that influenced the inadequate response to treatment. 76% of patients were older than 50 years, there was no gender prevalence, 100% were black racial biotype and 100% classified as overweight and obese. The prescribed antihypertensive and hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy was classified as satisfactory, indicating effective first-line drugs; however, 58% showed high blood pressure and 71% had altered blood glucose levels.  This population showed most of the risk factors declared for hypertensive-diabetic patients, which may be the cause of the inadequate response to the prescribed treatment. Among the non-modifiable risk factors, we found age, ethnicity and the presence of other chronic diseases, and in those modifiable obesity was highlighted. Lifestyle was considered the main cause that must be modified to achieve a better response to pharmacologic treatment. Keywords: diabetic hypertensive patients, risk factors of diabetic hypertensive patients, pharmacological treatment of diabetic hypertensive patients, mortality of diabetic hypertensive patients.