Species composition and fauna distribution of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and its importance for vector-borne diseases in a rural area of Central Western - Mato Grosso, Brazil

Abstract . This study describes ecological data obtained in a rural area in the State of Mato Grosso, including the insects belonging to the family Culicidae, especially those framed as potential vectors of tropical diseases. In 2015, we collected adult mosquitoes in fragments of forest in a rural area located in Mato Grosso Central West of Brazil. We captured 18,256 mosquitoes of the sub-families Culicinae and Anophelinae and have identified 34 species belonging to 12 genera: Aedes (1 species), Anopheles (8 species), Coquillettidia (1 species), Haemagogus (1 species), Culex (5 species), Psorophora (5 species), Ochlerotatus (4 species), Deinocerites (1 species),  Mansonia (4 species), Sabethes (2 species), Limatus (1 species), Wyeomyia (1 species). The family Culicidae presented high richness and abundance, established by diversity indexes (Margalef α =3.26; Shannon H' = 2.09; Simpson D = 0.19) with dominance of the species Anopheles ( Nyssorhyncus ) darlingi Root (89.8%). This species has considerable epidemiological value, considered the main vector of malaria in Mato Grosso. Many species of mosquitoes are vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and domestic animals, transmitting pathogens including viruses (arboviruses), filaria worms (helminths) and protozoa. Composicao de especies e distribuicao da fauna de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) e sua importância para doencas transmitidas por vetores em uma area rural do centro-ocidental - Mato Grosso, Brasil Resumo. Este estudo descreve dados ecologicos de uma area rural do Estado de Mato Grosso e dos insetos da familia Culicidae especialmente aqueles enquadrados como vetores potenciais de doencas tropicais. Em 2015, coletamos mosquitos adultos em fragmentos de floresta em localidades de areas rurais no Mato Grosso regiao Centro Oeste do Brasil. Foram capturados 18.256 exemplares alados de mosquitos das subfamilias Culicinae e Anophelinae e identificadas 34 especies pertencentes a 12 generos: Aedes (1 especie), Anopheles (8 especies), Coquillettidia (1 especie), Haemagogus (1 especie), Culex (5 especies), Psorophora (5 especies), Ochlerotatus (4 especies), Deinocerites (1 especie), Mansonia (4 especies), Sabethes (2 especies), Limatus (1 especie), Wyeomyia (1 especie). A familia Culicidae apresentou alta riqueza e abundância, estabelecida por indices de diversidade (Margalef α = 3.26, Shannon H' = 2.09, Simpson D = 0.19) com predominância da especie Anopheles ( Nyssorhyncus ) darlingi Root (89.8%). Esta especie tem consideravel valor epidemiologico, sendo considerada o principal vetor de malaria em Mato Grosso. Muitas especies de mosquitos sao vetores de patogenos que causam doencas em humanos e animais domesticos, transmitindo patogenos incluindo virus (arboviroses), filarias (helmintos) e protozoarios.