The Effect of Methylphenidate on Prefrontal Cognitive Functioning, Inattention, and Hyperactivity in Velocardiofacial Syndrome

Abstract Objective: Methylphenidate (MPH) is commonly used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in all children, including those with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). Yet concerns have been raised regarding its safety and efficacy in VCFS. The goal of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of MPH in children with VCFS. Methods: Thirty-four children and adolescents with VCFS and ADHD participated in a randomized, controlled trial with a 2:1 ratio of MPH versus placebo. All subjects underwent a cardiological evaluation before and after MPH administration. The primary outcome measure was prefrontal cognitive performance following a single dose of MPH or placebo. A follow-up assessment was conducted after a 6-month treatment with MPH. Results: Compared with placebo, single MPH administration was associated with a more robust improvement in prefrontal cognitive performance, including achievements in the Hearts and Flowers executive function task and the visual continuous perform...