Risk association of fasting insulin resistance index in non-diabetic heart failure patients: A case-control study at Karachi, Pakistan.

Present work investigates the risk association of insulin resistance (IResistance) in Non-Diabetic Heart Failure (NDHF) patients. Eighty (n=80) NDHF patients and same numbers of healthy controls were included to investigate with anthropometric measures, fasting blood glucose level (FBGL), serum insulin (SI), FIRI and β-cells quantification was computed through HOMA-IR. Mean rank assessment of NDHF patients showed higher significant (p<0.0001) set of values in FBGL, SI, FIRI and HOMA-IR, when compared with controls. High (p<0.0001 & p<0.05) risk in NDHF patients was associated in SI status (OR=8.93-95% CI: 4.1-19.42) and also in HOMA-IR (OR=6.6-95% CI: 3.30-13.19), when compared for Pearson value based probability through Chi Square (χ2 Test) values estimates of probability, respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) of targeted NDHF patients showed higher set of estimation (FBGL-AUC =0.667, SI-AUC =0.763, FIRI-AUC=0.780 and HOMA-IR-AUC=0.776). Association of determinants through Pearson's (r) correlation was found significantly (p<0.0001) linked with HOMA-IR and FIRI. Regression coefficient shows that for every additional unit score in FBGL and SI can expect HOMA-IR to increase by an average of 0.883 (for FBGL) and 0.0368 (for SI), respectively. Findings concluded the association of IResistance with greater risk estimation in NDHF patients.