PEDOT/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite on biochar as a free standing anode for high performance and durable microbial fuel cells

Biochar (BC) prepared from the carbonization of neem wood was modified with nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanorods/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) composite and directly employed as a free standing and binder free anode in microbial fuel cell (MFC). The morphological and X-ray diffraction analyses demonstrate that the cubic spinel structured NiFe2O4 nanorods are homogeneously distributed over the sheet like amorphous PEDOT. The bioelectrochemical activity of exoelectrogens is improved with PEDOT/NiFe2O4/BC as endorsed by the superior oxidation current in the voltammograms. Furthermore, the MFC with PEDOT/NiFe2O4/BC demonstrates a peak power of 1200 mW m-2 because of the unique catalytic nanoarchitectures, compact biofilm formation, continuous electron conduction paths, and elevated structural and chemical stabilities of PEDOT/NiFe2O4. The waste matter derived electrode constituent, binder free electrode modification, mediator-less electron transference, and considerable power generation associated with a proficient lifespan performance of PEDOT/NiFe2O4 open up a versatile avenue towards the development of cost efficient, high performance, and durable MFCs.