Frequency of Use, Awareness, and Attitudes Toward Side Effects of Anabolic–Androgenic Steroids Consumption Among Male Medical Students in Iran

This study was conducted to determine the frequency of anabolic–androgenic steroids consumption in male students studying at the university and their awareness, attitude, and role of sports activities; the present descriptive study was conducted on 271 volunteers in 2008. The data collected by self-report questionnaires was analyzed by descriptive inferential statistics. The prevalence of consumption was 3.3%, and it was significantlyhigherinthosewithahistoryofbodybuildingor athletic performance. The overall awareness rate was low, and the attitude was too optimistic. It seems that unawareness, incorrect attitude, and history of athletic performance increases the risk of consumption.