[Prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis. A comparative clinical and bacteriologic study of 2 eyedrops: silver nitrate and oxytetracycline chlorhydrate].

: This study carried out at the Saint-Germain-en-Laye Hospital maternity ward included all the neonates delivered between February and September 1989 who exhibited no abnormal manifestations during their stay in the ward, except for ocular symptoms in some subjects. Nine hundred neonates were enrolled. Each day, one of two eyedrop preparations for the prevention of neonatal ocular infections was selected at random. Investigators were blinded to the preparation used. Study subjects were evaluated twice, between D1 and D7 (900 infants) and between D15 and D30 (407 infants). Ocular findings were classified as follows: normal, minimally abnormal (isolated swelling of the eyelids, clear discharge), or frankly abnormal (conjunctivitis, purulent discharge). A bacteriologic study was performed in all patients with minimally abnormal or abnormal findings. Between D1 and D7, ocular symptoms were significantly (p less than 0.05) more prevalent in neonates treated with silver nitrate than in neonates treated with oxytetracycline hydrochloride. This difference was no longer present between D15 and D30. Bacteriologic studies recovered no gonococci. One enfant in the oxytetracycline group had bacteriologically confirmed Chlamydia trachomatis ocular infection. The other organisms recovered were mainly Staphylococcus aureus and non-hemolytic streptococci. In inclusion, no currently available eyedrop preparation offers complete protection against C. trachomatis but tolerance is considerably better with oxytetracycline hydrochlorate than with silver nitrate.