Key competences of outpatient nurses, as perceived by patients attending nurse-led clinics - an integrative review.

AIM The aim of this review was to identify key competences of outpatient nurses, as perceived by patients attending nurse-led clinics. BACKGROUND The increased demand for nurses to manage treatment and care in hospital outpatient clinics requires a better understanding of nurses' competences important to outpatients. DESIGN An integrative review using Whittemore and Knafl's five-stage model. METHODS Relevant studies were located by systematically searching PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. A group of three researchers assessed the studies found and the quality of the included studies using the CASP tool. Data was extracted and analysed by thematic analyses. The current study was evaluated using PRISMA checklist. RESULTS Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Three key competences emerged: providing access, sharing knowledge, and establishing relationships. The key competences were supported by ten sub-themes that were characterised by nurses' actions and qualities, derived from the included studies. CONCLUSIONS The identified key competences reflected a holistic approach that encompasses knowledge, skills and attitudes, indicating outpatient nurses being able to manage different ways of involving patients, which may lead to the consideration of outpatient consultations as a kind of negotiation, based on a respectful dialogue. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The findings are usable when optimising the performance and quality of the health workforce, including outpatient nurses, as recommended by WHO (World Health Organization, 2016). Furthermore, the identified knowledge emphasizes the need for clinical skills training and academic education, specially targeted outpatient nurses, in order to enable the nurses to become experts in specific practice settings.