Determinants of toilet ownership among rural households in six eastern districts of Indonesia

In 2012, the Government of Indonesia and UNICEF launched a project within eastern provinces of Indonesia to scale up and strengthen a national hygiene and sanitation program called ‘ Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat’ . A formative study prior to the project was conducted to characterize sanitation and hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among 1,700 households in six rural Indonesian districts in 2014. Separate multivariate analyses for toilet ownership (outcome 1) and improved sanitation (outcome 2) were conducted with generalized linear models to assess the association between potential determinants and sanitation outcomes. Respondents who agreed that most people do not have a toilet in their community were associated with lower levels of toilet ownership compared to respondents who disagreed with the statement ( p p