Home alone vs kids club: adult supervision matters for grades
2018
In this paper, a randomized intervention was used to provide school age children with three
hours of after school care in order to explore the causal effects of adult supervision on
children’s academic outcomes. It was found that there is a positive effect on grades when the
after-school program replaces non-parental care, increasing the average GPA and the
probability of having a GPA above the median in around 9 percentage points (pp). If the
student was alone in the after-school hours at baseline, this value increases to 13 pp. This
evidence suggests that the impact of the program is determined by the nature of the alternative
care available to them. We find that the program quality, the activities developed, and the
characteristics of the personnel do not affect the program effect. We also find no impact on
mother’s labor force outcomes for the group of students where improvement was observed.
These results are consistent with the program working through the provision of adult
supervision, instead of through the type of care or an income effect.
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