Deep eutectic solvents synthesis of perovskite type cerium aluminate embedded carbon nitride catalyst: High-sensitive amperometric platform for sensing of glucose in biological fluids

Abstract In the present work, a novel method for the green synthesis of CeAlO3 (CAO) polycrystalline powder through deep eutectic solvents (DES) was carried out by hydrothermal method. The carbon nitride (CN) was synthesized directly by fractional thermal polymerisation process. The combination of CeAlO3 with CN provides an excellent sensing platform for developing highly sensitive and stable electrocatalyst for non-enzymatic glucose (GLU) oxidation. The structural, morphological and electrochemical analysis of CeAlO3/CN (CAO/CN) shows the successful synthesis without any impurities. The synergistic effects of pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N and graphitic-N are highly influencing and playing a prominent role in sensory performances of the prepared CAO/CN nano-electrocatalyst towards GLU sensing. The limit of detection (LOD) at CAO/CN modified glassy carbon electrode (CAO/CN/GCE) was calculated to be 0.86 nM in the linear concentration range of 0.01–1034.5 µM by amperometric method. The anti-interference, reproducibility, repeatability and stability analysis suggest the promising performance of the fabricated electrode towards GLU detection. The real time application of CAO/CN/GCE was evaluated towards GLU sensing in human blood, saliva and sweat, a satisfactory result was obtained. Therefore, the CAO/CN/GCE has a great application prospect as a highly efficient catalyst material for highly sensitive and efficient non-enzymatic glucose sensor.