Increased glucose tolerance in N-type Ca2+ channel α1B-subunit gene-deficient mice

The voltage-dependent N-type Ca 2 + channel is localized in the plasma membrane of insulin-releasing β-cells and glucagon-releasing α-cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. To examine the contribution of N-type Ca 2 + channel to glucose homeostasis, we performed glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests with N-type Ca 2 + channel α 1 B -subunit-deficient mice on a normal or high-fat diet. The fasting glucose level in homozygous mice on the normal diet was significantly lower than those in wild and heterozygous mice. In glucose tolerance tests, the homozygous mice showed a higher glucose clearance rate and a similar pattern of insulin levels to those of wild and heterozygous mice. In insulin tolerance tests, glucose clearance rates showed no significant difference among wild, heterozygous and homozygous mice. In animals on the high-fat diet, food consumption was the same among wild, heterozygous and homozygous mice, but body weight gain was reduced in homozygous mice. After 8 weeks of the high-fat diet, homozygous mice showed lower fasting glucose levels and exhibited higher glucose clearance and lower insulin levels than wild or heterozygous mice in glucose tolerance tests. Glucose clearance rates showed no significant difference among wild, heterozygous and homozygous mice in insulin tolerance tests. After 10 weeks of the high-fat diet, the α 1 B -deficient homozygous mice showed lower lipid deposition in liver and lower plasma glucagon, leptin and triglyceride levels than wild or heterozygous mice. These results suggest that N-type Ca 2 + channels play a role in insulin and glucagon release, and that N-type Ca 2 + channel α 1 B -subunit deficient mice show improved glucose tolerance without any change in insulin sensitivity. Thus, N-type Ca 2 + channel blockers might be candidate anti-diabetic/anti-obesity agents.