Profil de l’ionogramme sanguin chez les enfants brûlés du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Les brulures de l’enfant peuvent etre a l’origine de troubles ioniques graves, entrainant une morbi-mortalite importante. Ce travail avait pour objectif de decrire les perturbations de l’ionogramme sanguin chez les enfants brules, afin de contribuer a l’amelioration des soins. Il s’est agi d’une etude transversale retrospective allant du 01 janvier 2017 au 30 juin 2019. Ont ete inclus les enfants hospitalises dans le service de chirurgie du CHU pediatrique Charles de Gaulle pour brulure et chez lesquels un ionogramme sanguin a ete realise. L’etude a porte sur 212 enfants, avec un âge moyen de 38,52 mois et un sex ratio de 1,12. La surface corporelle brulee moyenne etait de 26,60% et le delai moyen d’admission de 5,71 heures. La mortalite etait de 16,98%. L’ionogramme sanguin a l’entree a retrouve une hyponatremie (27,88%), une hypobicarbonatemie (53,95%), une hypoprotidemie (26,67%) et une hyperchloremie (53,59%). Au controle, ces troubles ioniques etaient toujours presents. S’y sont associees une hypocalcemie (30,43%), une hypomagnesemie (27,27%) et une hyperphosphatemie (28,79%). La natremie, la bicarbonatemie et la protidemie a l’entree etaient significativement plus basses chez les patients decedes. Les brulures de l’enfant sont frequentes. Leur evolution est marquee par des perturbations de l’ionogramme sanguin et une mortalite elevee.Mots cles : Brulure, Ionogramme sanguin, Enfants, Burkina Faso.   English title: Blood ionogram profile in burned children at the Charles de Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)Burns in children can be the cause of serious ionic disorders, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the disturbances in the blood ionogram of burnt children, in order to contribute to the improvement of care. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study from 01 January 2017 to 30 June 2019. Children hospitalised in the surgery department of the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital for burns and in whom a blood ionogram was carried out were included. Our study involved 212 children, with an average age of 38.52 months and a sex ratio of 1.12. The average body surface area burned was 26.60% and the average admission time was 5.71 hours. Mortality was 16.98%. The blood ionogram at the entrance showed hyponatremia (27.88%), hypobicarbonatremia (53.95%), hypoprotidemia (26.67%) and hyperchloremia (53.59%). At the control, these ionic disorders were still present. They were associated with hypocalcaemia (30.43%), hypomagnesemia (27.27%) and hyperphosphatemia (28.79%). Natremia, bicarbonateemia and protidemia were significantly lower on admission in patients who died in the course of the evolution. Childhood burns are frequent at the CHUP-CDG; their evolution is marked by disturbances of the blood ionogram and high mortality.Keywords: Burns, Blood Ionogram, Children, Burkina Faso.