Improving the photocatalytic performance of a sea-cucumber-like nanoporous TiO2 loaded with Pt Ag for water splitting

Abstract Nanoporous TiO 2 loaded with Pt and Ag was prepared by the dealloyed Al Ti Ag Pt ribbons. The hydrogen generation rate via water splitting was measured for the photocatalytic performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to analyze the synergy among TiO 2 , Pt and Ag. The results indicate that the synthetic TiO 2 shows an anatase structure and that the size of the Pt-rich phase, Ag and Ag-rich phase particles are approximately 6–8 nm. An abundance of pores with about 5 nm in size are distributed on the surface of TiO 2 , and obtained samples exhibit a larger specific surface area. The hydrogen evolution rate was approximately 1.85 mmol/h/g under full-spectrum irradiation for the dealloyed Al 92 Ti 7.86 Pt 0.04 Ag 0.1 ribbons, which was greatly improved compared with that of the dealloyed Al 92 Ti 7.9 Ag 0.1 ribbons. The analyses indicate that Ag could promote the visible light absorption and that Pt serves as an electron sink for the effective electron-hole pairs separation. Moreover, the appropriate Schottky barrier, formed among the Pt-rich phase, Ag-rich phase and TiO 2, effectively suppresses the recombination of electron-hole pairs and improves the utilization of photo-generated electrons.