The Unique Coexistence of Anti-SS-A/Ro Antibodies in a Neonate with Symptomatic Ischemic Stroke

Abstract Background Neonatal cerebral infarction is a relatively common cause of neonatal seizures, with an incidence of at least 1:4000 live births and is associated with a high incidence of neurological sequelae. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms and predisposing factors responsible for neonatal infarction are not fully established. Patient Description A full-term baby boy was transferred at two days of age for the treatment of a cluster of seizures. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple lesions compatible with acute cerebral infarction. The results of the blood tests performed to screen for thrombophilic diseases were normal for his age, and his perinatal history was unremarkable. A diagnosis of idiopathic cerebral infarction was made. Additional examination for autoimmune diseases showed that both the mother and the patient had the anti-SS-A/Ro antibody. The patient was treated with phenobarbital and has no neurological sequelae. Conclusions This is the first report demonstrating the coexistence of neonatal cerebral infarction and neonatal lupus syndrome. Thus neonatal lupus syndrome may be an additional risk factor for neonatal stroke.