Is it time to say goodbye to culture and sensitivity? The case for culture-independent urology.

Abstract Next-Generation sequencing (NGS) has highlighted the limitations of conventional culture methods in the role of urology whilst discovering the intricate details of the role of microbiota in urologic health and disease. This review article explores: the utility and limitations of conventional culture methods; how culture-independent technologies are revolutionising medicine; and how the implementation of these technologies may lead to improved patient outcomes. Finally, this article discusses the barriers to widespread adoption of culture-independent technologies, with suggestions for how these hurdles may be overcome.