Development of methodological foundations for the development of energy in Industry 4.0 in part of game theory and blockchain

The object of research is the implementation of the principles of Industry 4.0, in particular game theory and blockchain, for the development of energy. One of the obstacles to development is the problem of energy supply in modern economic conditions in terms of achieving sustainable development goals. In the course of the research, a systematic approach to the critical analysis of scientific sources of information related to the development of the energy sector, in particular renewable energy, was used. The scientific result of the systemic interaction of distributed generating devices with «smart» consumers using the principles of Industry 4.0 has been obtained. These principles make it possible to increase the level of efficiency of the power system, to reduce the total cost of operating the power system. And also to reduce power losses, improve network performance while reducing CO2 emissions and negative impact on the environment. The possibility of implementing the provisions of Industry 4.0 as a prerequisite for an economical supply of energy is given. The research methodology is proposed based on a critical analysis of the sphere of economics and management in the energy sector in the period 2011–2021. The possibility of using the Vehicle-to-Grid concept based on Industry 4.0 as a component of the energy system is considered. Due to this, a method for managing the sale of electricity is proposed, based on game theory, and taking into account the autonomous response to demand and the interaction of distributed generation in smart power distribution systems using non-cooperative games. The authors have identified the possibilities of energy blockchain technology in terms of efficient energy supply and transformation of commercial relations in the energy market. Focuses on blockchain for energy as part of ensuring energy sustainability, providing opportunities for the development of renewable energy sources. A list of breakthrough energy technologies for the last 5 years has been highlighted with the aim of their implementation to improve the levels of quality and safety of human life. In particular, according to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, there are 7 technologies out of 50 investigated, directly related to energy, moreover, the overwhelming majority of these technologies are related to renewable energy.