Effect of ethnicity, season and age on axial and peripheral bone mineral density: results from the Vitamin D, Food Intake, Nutrition and Exposure to Sunlight in Southern England (D-FINES) Study

. Little is known about theeffect of ethnicity on diet, physical activity and BMD. Thus, the principal aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of seasonand ethnicity on axial and peripheral BMD in UK pre- and post-menopausal women. The speciÞc objective was to determine whetherthere was a seasonal variation in lumbar spine and femoral neck (FN) BMD in Caucasian and Asian women living in the UK.The BMD data were collected from the D-FINES study, which included seasonal data on 242 Caucasian and seventy-two Asian womenaged 19Ð70 years (mean age (years) 50.4 (