On the Validation of TCP Sequence Numbers
2018
When TCP receives packets that lie outside of the receive window, the
corresponding packets are dropped and either an ACK, RST or no
response is generated due to the out-of-window packet, with no further
processing of the packet. Most of the time, this works just fine and
TCP remains stable, especially when a TCP connection has
unidirectional data flow. However, there are three scenarios in which
packets that are outside of the receive window should still have their
ACK field processed, or else a packet war will take place. The
aforementioned issues have affected a number of popular TCP
implementations, typically leading to connection failures, system
crashes, or other undesirable behaviors. This document describes the
three scenarios in which the aforementioned issues might arise, and
formally updates RFC 793 such that these potential problems are
mitigated.
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