Plant-Bacterial Partnership: A Major Pollutants Remediation Approach

Environmental pollution due to global industrialization and urbanization has become a serious matter of concern for human inhabitants throughout the world. As safety point of human health and environmental issues, it required an efficient removal for the sake of minimized inlet of these hazard materials into the food chain generated by organic and inorganic pollutants. The physical and chemical means need specialized equipment, labor intensive and highly costs inputs which make less familiar to remove the pollutants, but it seems biological methods especially phytoremediation, gaining comprehensive remedial measure approach. The green technology based Phytoremediation carried out the process with the help of altogether action of plants and their specific attached microbial communities to remove, transform, degrade or immobilize various toxic organic and inorganic contaminants deposits in soil and polluted water and air pollutants could be treated well with this approach which is nowadays publicly high acclaimed, less disturbance to the environment remediate various form of pollutants and lower cost investment input. The symbiotic nature of plants combination with related beneficial bacteria (rhizobacteria or endophytic) offers tremendous potential as bacteria possess set of catabolic genes which produce catabolic enzymes to decontaminate complex organic compounds and inorganic pollutants with an effective way and in return of these bacteria increase plant growth promoting activities and gain more biomass in the plants. This chapter highlighted the remediation approach of major pollutants by phytoremediation with the main focal point on rhizoremediation and plant-bacterial partnerships and discuss how to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation by various approaches.