Bioamelioration on Drained Lands

Rational use of methods and means of biological reclamation on drained lands creates conditions to obtain the planned harvest of good quality, to prevent soil degradation, and to provide possible detoxication of the soil cover, water sources, and agricultural products. This work shows the role of biological reclamation on drained lands based on the use of three classes of reclamation agents: organic fertilizers, fertilizing biological preparations, and phytoameliorants. The class of organic fertilizers is the most widely used on drained soils. It is dominated by manure, bird droppings, and compost formed on their basis. Technologies for compost production from organic materials are constantly improved, with the use of the method of biological aerobic solid-phase fermentation in particular. The product of bioconversion of organic materials—multipurpose compost—is characterized by a high content of nutrients (2.5–2.7% of total nitrogen; 2.0–2.2% of phosphorus; and 1.5–1.7% of potassium) and by a number of other favorable properties. The use of Galega orientalis as a phytoameliorant on drained lands enables the accumulation to 480 kg/ha of nitrogen per year due to the legume-rhizobial symbiosis. Biological products of a complex bioameliorative effect provide a favorable nutrition regime for crops cultivated on reclaimed soils.