ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND BIONOMICS Seasonal and Vertical Distribution of Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in the Soil Profi le

Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) temporal and vertical distribution patterns were evaluated in the soil profi le, in order to subsidize methodology for population sampling, aiming at its management. In insect surveys carried out during three years, in Boa Esperanca County, State of Parana, Brazil, Phyllophaga cuyabana was univoltine, with little overlap of the larval stages. Population peaked during December-February, but declined during the colder months, when larvae were in diapause. Different developmental stages exploited distinct soil depths. Eggs and early fi rst instars tended to concentrate between 5 cm and 10 cm deep, but they spread more uniformly through the soil profi le, reaching depths up to 30 cm, as they developed. Adults and eggs occurred in the spring (October to December) when active larvae also started to be observed; feeding larvae occurred up to late-April between 0 to15 cm deep. Diapausing larvae and pupae were observed from early fall to early spring, mostly from 15 cm to 30 cm deep. Throughout the year, the number of insects in the soil (up to 40 cm deep) showed a positive functional relationship with air temperature and evapotranspiration. The relationship of percent distribution of larvae in the soil profi le and soil temperature, however, was positive only above 10 cm. To estimate the insect population from November to April, samples can be collected until 20 cm deep; from May to October, however, samplings should be deeper, up to 30 cm.