Predicting the Angle of Internal Friction from Simple Dynamic Consolidation Using Lactose Grades as Model

Purpose Powder flow and packing behavior are among other factors determined by particle friction, which is traditionally measured in shear cells as the angle of internal friction (AIF). Considering that an AIF at a normal stress should be comparable to friction during tapping consolidation, this work aims at whether dynamic consolidation under gravity can be used to estimate an AIF.