Evaluation du comportement au champ de quelques variétés d’oignon ( Allium cepa L.) et d’échalote ( Allium cepa var. asculoni cum) pour la culture d’hivernage au centre du Burkina Faso

L’oignon et l’echalote sont les cultures maraicheres les plus importantes au Burkina Faso. Ils representent 32,4% des produits maraichers. Cependant pour la zone, il existe tres peu de varietes adaptees a une production de saison pluvieuse. L’objectif de cette etude a ete d’evaluer des varietes d’oignon et d’echalote afin de permettre une production en saison pluvieuse. A cet effet, un essai a ete conduit au cours de la saison pluvieuse 2013-2014 au Centre de Recherche Environnemental Agricole et de Formation (CREAF) de l’INERA avec les nouvelles varietes oignons GVS 36234 F1 Hybrid, GVS 36175 F1 Hybrid, GVS 36180 F1 Hybrid et d’echalotes Yali, Prema 178, et 00727. Le developpement vegetatif, le rendement et ses composantes de ces cultivars ont ete evalues et compares au Violet de Galmi. L’hybrid GVS 36175 F1 et la Prema 178 ont enregistre les plus fortes levees respectives de 75et96%.Chez GVS 36234 F1 Hybride, Yali et 00727, la matiere seche a ete plus importante, soit 8; 7,8 et 9,3% respectivement. La Prema 178 avec 29 t/ha de bulbes frais, semble la mieux adaptee pour la saison pluvieuse dans notre zone de culture. Les cultivars 00727 et GVS 36180 F1 Hybrid avec 10,75 et 7,15 t/ha sont prometteurs pour la meme periode de culture. © 2018 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Oignon d’hivernage, adaptation, rendement bulbe, qualite, Burkina Faso English Title:  In field assessment of onion ( Allium cepa L.) and shallot ( Allium cepa var asculoni cum) varieties for wintering culture in central Burkina Faso English Abstract Onion and shallot are the most important market cultures in Burkina Faso. They represent 32,4% of the market products. However for the zone there is a few adapted varieties in the rainy season production. The aim of this study trial was to find onion and shallot varieties suitable for production during the rainy season in order to provide producers with a range of varieties that are productive and tolerant to the different climatic and biotic risks of the rainy season of Burkina Faso. To this effect, a varietal trial was conducted during the 2013-2014 rainy season in the INERA's National Center for Environmental and Agricultural Research at Kamboinse (CREAF-K) with six varieties of onion and shallot, including onions GVS 36234 F1 Hybrid, GVS 36175 Hybrid F1, GVS 36180 F1 Hybrid and shallots Yali, Prema 178, and 00727. The present study has highlighted the adaptability of these varieties to the rainy season. For this, vegetative development and essential yield components of the structure of the six new varieties were evaluated and compared to Galmi Violet not suitable for wintering. Only onion GVS 36175 F1 Hybrid didn't observe a very satisfactory emergence with 75% of emergence rate in nursery. The other varieties recorded excellent values ranging from 82% for GVS 36134 F1 Hybrid to 96% for Prema 178. The other varieties have observed a very low rates ranging from 20.1% in the GVS 36175 F1 Hybrid to 59.89% for the GVS 36180 F1 Hybrid. The rate of dry matter was very low or medium for all varieties. However, onion GVS 36234 F1 Hybrid and shallots Yali and 00727 have recorded respective rates of 8; 7.8 and 9.3%, which were relatively higher for the growing season. Prema 178, echalote 00727 and GVS 36180 F1 Hybrid with 29; 10.75 and 7.15 t/ha of bulb respectively can be the more adapted for the rainy season in this area. © 2018 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Wintering onion, adaptation, bulb yield, quality, Burkina Faso