Five-Year Follow-up of the Plaque Sealing With Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents vs Medical Therapy for the Treatment of Intermediate Nonobstructive Saphenous Vein Graft Lesions (VELETI) Trial

Abstract Background Very few data exist on the long-term follow-up of patients with intermediate nonobstructive saphenous vein graft (SVG) lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 5-year clinical outcomes of the patients enrolled in the Moderate Vein Graft Lesion Stenting With the Taxus Stent and Intravascular Ultrasound (VELETI) and the factors associated with SVG disease progression and outcomes. Methods Patients with ≥ 1 intermediate SVG lesion (30%-60% diameter stenosis) were randomized to either stenting the SVG lesion with a paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES group, n = 30) or to medical treatment alone (MT group, n = 27). All patients were followed yearly up to 5 years. Results Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) (cardiac death, myocardial infarction [MI], revascularization) related to the target SVG lesion tended to be lower in the PES group (17% vs 33%; P  = 0.146) due to a lower lesion revascularization rate (13% vs 33%; P  = 0.072), with no difference in cardiac death or MI between groups. MACEs related to the target SVG and global MACEs were similar between groups ( P > 0.20 for both). A higher cholesterol level at baseline was the only independent predictive factor of MACEs related to the target SVG ( P  = 0.016). Conclusions Over a 5-year period, one third of intermediate lesions in old SVGs progressed, leading to a cardiac event. Stenting these lesions with PESs tended to improve clinical outcomes by reducing lesion progression but not SVG failure. Higher cholesterol levels were associated with SVG disease progression and clinical events. This pilot study provides the basis for a larger trial to determine the efficacy of intermediate SVG lesion plaque sealing.