Validation of the Nepali version of the self-reported Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) in adults with chronic pain and predominantly low-literacy levels.

Neuropathic pain research and clinical care is limited in low-income countries with high prevalence of chronic pain such as Nepal. We translated and cross-culturally adapted the S-LANSS-a commonly used, reliable and valid instrument to screen for pain of predominantly neuropathic origin (POPNO)-into Nepali (S-LANSS-NP) and validate it using recommended guidelines. We recruited 30 patients with chronic pain in an outpatient setting for cognitive debriefing and recruited 287 individuals with chronic pain via door-to-door interviews for validation. For known-group validity, we hypothesized that the POPNO group would report significantly more pain intensity and pain interference than the chronic pain group without POPNO using a cut-off score of ≥10/24. The S-LANSS-NP was comprehensible based on the ease of understanding the questionnaire and lack of missing responses. The validation sample consisted of predominantly low-levels of literacy (81% had five years or less education); 23% were classified as having POPNO. Internal consistency was good (alpha=0.80). Known-group validity was supported (chronic pain with POPNO reported significantly greater pain intensity than those without). The S-LANSS-NP is a comprehensible, unidimensional, internally consistent, and valid instrument to screen POPNO in individuals with chronic pain with predominantly low-levels of literacy for clinical and research use. Perspective This paper shows that the Nepali version of the S-LANSS is comprehensible, reliable and valid in adults with chronic pain and predominantly low-levels of literacy in rural Nepal. The study could potentially develop research and clinical care of neuropathic pain this resource-limited setting where chronic pain is a significant problem.