Active Surveillance Cultures for MRSA, VRE, Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negatives

Active surveillance [AS] is increasingly used as an infection control measure to control the transmission of multidrug-resistant [MDR] bacteria; however, studies on their efficacy have been conflicting. AS identifies patients colonized with MDR pathogens who act as a source for transmission to other patients. In this chapter, we discuss the strengths and drawbacks of studies on AS for control of spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA], vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus [VRE], and MDR-Gram-negative organisms [MDR-GNs] and point out the factors which can influence the outcomes of AS programs. Furthermore, microbiologic and molecular methods used and patient populations targeted in AS programs are also reviewed.